Why Does Weight Loss Cause an Aged Appearance?
Extreme weight loss can significantly impact facial aesthetics due to:
- Loss of Facial Volume: Fat that previously provided natural fullness is diminished, leading to a hollowed, gaunt appearance.
- Skin Laxity: The skin loses elasticity as it stretches over time, and massive weight loss can result in loose, sagging skin that hangs or folds.
- Reduced Collagen Production: Age-related declines in collagen and elastin are exacerbated by weight loss, creating deeper wrinkles and folds.
Who Is a Suitable Candidate for Facelift Surgery?
Suitable candidates for facelift surgery should meet the following criteria:
- Physical Health: Be in good overall health with no underlying medical conditions that could interfere with the wound healing process.
- Emotional Well-being: Have realistic expectations and a positive mindset regarding the outcomes of facelift surgery. As of 1st of July 2023, patients are required to have a psychological evaluation to ensure they are suitable to proceed with surgery.
- Stable Weight: It is recommended to be near your target weight before undergoing the procedure. Dr Turner does not perform facelift surgery on patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 30.
- Non-smoker: Smoking or vaping dramatically interferes with the healing process and increases the risk of complications. Therefore, candidates are required to cease smoking for a minimum 6 weeks before surgery.
Options for Facial Rejuvenation After Weight Loss
There are several treatment options to rejuvenate the face after weight loss. These range from non-invasive treatments to advanced surgical procedures.
Non-Surgical Options
Non-surgical treatments are ideal for younger individuals with mild concerns related to facial ageing due to weight loss. These options include:
- Cosmetic Injectables: Used to restore lost volume in areas such as the cheeks, under the eyes, and around the mouth.
- Skin Tightening: Technologies like radiofrequency and ultrasound aim to stimulate collagen production, improving skin elasticity and firmness.
- Thread Lifts: Absorbable threads are used to lift sagging skin temporarily. However, results are subtle and may not address severe skin laxity.
Surgical Options
For more pronounced sagging or volume loss, surgical interventions provide long-lasting, dramatic results. Procedures include:
Facelift
- Addresses sagging skin in the mid-face, jawline, and neck.
- Removes excess skin while tightening the underlying muscles.
- Restores youthful facial contours and smooths wrinkles.
Neck Lift
- Targets loose skin and vertical bands in the neck area.
- Creates a defined jawline and eliminates “turkey neck.”
Facial Fat Grafting
- Involves harvesting fat from another area of the body and injecting it into the face to restore volume.
- Provides a natural look and feel, complementing other rejuvenation procedures.
Brow Lift
- Corrects drooping brows and reduces forehead wrinkles.
- Opens up the eye area for a more refreshed appearance.
Eyelid Surgery (Blepharoplasty)
- Removes excess skin and fat from the upper or lower eyelids.
- Addresses puffiness and sagging, enhancing the eyes’ appearance.
Facelift Surgery: What to Expect
Facelift surgery is always performed under general anaesthesia in a fully accredited hospital with the assistance of a qualified anaesthetist. Depending on the complexity of the procedure it generally takes 4 hours and Dr Turner recommends an overnight hospital stay to ensure optimal post-operative care before discharge.
Surgical Planning and Preparation
- Incision Marking: The procedure begins with precise marking of incision locations along the hairline, around the ears, and under the chin. Dr. Turner also marks the deep plane entry points, areas of facial volume loss to be corrected with fat transfer, and important anatomical landmarks, such as the frontal nerve, ensuring safety and accuracy.
- Local Anaesthetic Infiltration: A local anaesthetic is administered to the areas being dissected. This step minimizes bleeding during the procedure and reduces discomfort during the initial recovery phase.
Surgical Technique
- Incision and Dissection: Incisions are made along the marked locations. The skin and subcutaneous tissues are elevated to expose the deep plane entry point, preparing the area for precise dissection.
- Deep Plane Dissection: Dr Turner dissects beneath the SMAS (Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System) within specific facial spaces. The SMAS, skin, and subcutaneous tissues are elevated together as a composite flap, allowing for greater correction of sagging and facial contouring. Retaining ligaments, which contribute to skin laxity, are carefully released to facilitate repositioning.
- SMAS Repositioning: The SMAS layer is lifted and repositioned vertically, addressing midface and jowl laxity. This technique provides a more natural appearance by correcting the deep structural changes caused by weight loss.
Neck Rejuvenation
The neck is frequently addressed during the deep plane facelift to ensure a seamless transition between the face and neck:
- Liposuction: Excess fat deposits in the neck are removed to enhance contour.
- Platysmaplasty: A formal neck lift is performed to correct deep neck laxity and improve the definition of the jawline.
Fat Transfer for Volume Restoration
Significant weight loss often results in volume depletion in areas like the cheeks, temples, and under the eyes. Fat transfer, performed in conjunction with the facelift, restores this lost volume. The addition of fat transfer enhances the overall results, especially for patients experiencing pronounced volume loss.