In our youth, the platysma muscle, which runs along the front of the neck, helps maintain a smooth, firm appearance. However, as we age, changes in this muscle can result in the formation of neck bands—vertical lines or cords that contribute to a more aged or tense look. These neck bands can be a cosmetic concern for both men and women, often making the neck appear older.
In this article, Dr Turner, a Specialist Plastic Surgeon in Sydney who specialises in neck lift surgery, will explain everything you need to know about what neck bands are, why they occur, the role of the platysma muscle and how platysmaplasty surgery can help restore a aesthetic neck contour.
What Are Neck Bands?
Neck bands, or platysmal bands, are vertical cords that run from the chin to the collarbone along the front of the neck. They naturally develop as part of the aging process and become more noticeable over time due to changes in the platysma muscle and a loss of skin elasticity.
Neck bands are generally classified into two types:
- Static Bands: These bands are visible even when the neck is at rest. They result from structural changes between the skin and muscle that occur over time. Static bands are often associated with skin laxity, loss of subcutaneous fat, and the natural effects of aging.
- Dynamic Bands: These bands become prominent when the platysma muscle contracts, such as during facial expressions like smiling or grimacing. Dynamic bands are caused by hyperactivity of the platysma muscle and are more noticeable in individuals who frequently use these muscles.
Why Do They Occur?
Several factors contribute to the formation of neck bands:
- Aging Process: With age, the skin loses elasticity and firmness, causing sagging that makes the underlying platysma muscle more visible.
- Muscle Activity: Frequent muscle contractions can cause the platysma muscle to enlarge over time, making the neck bands more prominent.
- Genetics: Hereditary factors play a significant role in how the neck ages. Some individuals may experience early onset of neck bands due to genetic predisposition.
- Environmental Factors: Prolonged sun exposure, smoking, and poor nutrition can accelerate skin aging, contributing to the formation of neck bands.
- Weight Fluctuations: Significant weight loss can lead to excess skin and reduced fat in the neck area, revealing the platysma muscle bands.
What Is the Platysma Muscle?
The platysma muscle is a thin, sheet-like muscle that extends from the chest and shoulder area up to the jawline, continuing in the midface as the SMAS (Superficial Muscular Aponeurotic System). Its primary function is to maintain the contour of the neck and plays a role in facial expressions, such as frowning or expressing tension. As the platysma lies just beneath the skin, changes in the platysma can significantly impact the neck’s appearance.
Over time, the platysma muscle can lose tone and separate along the midline, resulting in the formation of neck bands. Understanding the anatomy and function of the platysma muscle is crucial for effectively addressing neck bands through targeted treatments.
Non-Surgical Treatments for Neck Bands?
Before considering surgery, some non-surgical options may help reduce the appearance of neck bands:
- Injections: Muscle-relaxing injections can temporarily reduce the appearance of dynamic neck bands by relaxing the platysma muscle. Results typically last a few months.
- Collagen Induction: Non-surgical injections can add volume and promote the production of collagen to the neck skin, helping to smooth wrinkles. They may be effective for early static bands caused by skin laxity.
- Laser Therapy and Radiofrequency: These treatments use energy to stimulate collagen production, firming the skin and improving the appearance of neck bands.
- Threads: Thread lifts are generally ineffective for neck bands, as they do not address the underlying muscle or excess skin.
While non-surgical treatments may help reduce the appearance of mild neck bands, they are generally only effective for early changes. These methods often provide temporary and variable results, requiring ongoing treatments to maintain improvements. It’s important to note that thread lifts, in particular, are not recommended for significant neck band issues due to their inability to remove excess skin and deliver reliable outcomes.
Surgical Treatment for Neck Bands?
A neck lift, often performed as part of a lower facelift, is the most effective long-term solution for treating neck bands. This procedure targets all contributing layers—skin, fat, and the platysma muscle—offering comprehensive improvement in one surgery.
Neck lift surgery is performed under general anaesthesia in a fully accredited hospital, with the support of a qualified anaesthetist. Depending on the complexity, the procedure may take 3 to 4 hours. Dr. Turner typically advises patients to stay overnight in the hospital for observation before being discharged the next day.
Here’s a detailed overview of the procedure:
- Incision Placement: Incisions are strategically placed by Dr Turner along natural landmarks to minimize visible scarring. Common incision sites include:
- Under the Chin (Submental Incision): Allows access to the central neck structures.
- Behind the Ears (Postauricular Incisions): Facilitates skin tightening and muscle repositioning.
- Muscle Repair (Platysmaplasty): Every patient’s platysma muscle pattern is unique, and Dr. Turner customizes the repair technique to ensure the most natural and harmonious outcome.
- Medial Platysmaplasty: Sutures the edges of the platysma muscle together at the midline, effectively tightening the muscle and reducing the appearance of neck bands.
- Lateral Platysmaplasty: The platysma muscle is repositioned laterally (towards the sides of the neck) and secured, providing additional tightening.
- Liposuction (If Necessary): Excess fat deposits in the neck area can be removed using liposuction to enhance the neck’s contour.
- Deep Contouring: Removal of subplatysmal fat (deep fat pad), modification of digastric muscles and submandibular salivary glands that may affect neck contour
- Skin Redraping and Excess Skin Removal: The skin is gently redraped over the newly contoured neck, and any excess skin is trimmed away.
- Closure: Incisions are closed with sutures, and the area is bandaged to support healing and minimize swelling.
Risks After a Platysmaplasty Procedure
As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with neck lift surgery. These include the following:
- Bleeding and Hematoma Formation: Accumulation of blood under the skin may require additional treatment.
- Infection: Rare but possible, infections are managed with antibiotics.
- Scarring: Scars are usually minimal and fade over time, but some individuals may develop more noticeable scarring.
- Nerve Injury: Injury to nerves controlling sensation or muscle movement can occur, leading to temporary or, in rare cases, permanent changes.
- Asymmetry: Uneven results may necessitate revision surgery.
- Anaesthesia Risks: Adverse reactions to anaesthesia are possible, though uncommon.
- Seroma Formation: Fluid accumulation under the skin may require drainage.
- Unsatisfactory Aesthetic Outcome: Expectations should be realistic, and open communication with the surgeon is vital to achieve desired results.
Next Steps
If you’re concerned about neck bands, scheduling a consultation with Dr. Turner, a specialist in neck lift surgery, is the first step. Dr. Turner is dedicated to helping you achieve your aesthetic goals with personalized care and expert advice.
- Schedule a Consultation: Contact us at 1300 437758 or visit drturner.com.au to book your appointment.
- Prepare for Surgery: Follow any preoperative guidelines provided, such as avoiding certain medications and arranging for post-surgery care.
- Plan for Recovery: Set aside time for rest and healing and arrange for assistance during your initial recovery phase if needed.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult with a qualified healthcare professional to determine the best treatment options for your individual needs.